The following graph explains how these different sources of data (learning opportunities, qualifications, accreditations data and credentials) come together in Europass:

A qualification does not necessarily have to be obtained only through a learning opportunity, it could also be awarded through validation.

The 2012 Council recommendation on validation encourages Member States to put in place national arrangements for validation by 2018. These arrangements will enable individuals to increase the visibility and value of their knowledge, skills and competences acquired outside formal education and training: at work, at home, or in voluntary activities.

The European Guidelines on validation provide policy and practical advice to policymakers and stakeholders on implementing validation.