This is NTNU

NTNU is a broad-based university with a technical-scientific profile and a focus in professional education. The university is located in three cities with headquarters in Trondheim.

At NTNU, 9,000 employees and 43,000 students work to create knowledge for a better world.

You will find more information about working at NTNU and the application process here.

   

Video: https://youtu.be/Xt-yHCN5QS0

About the position

A PhD position in the field of functional materials for future quantum technology is available at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. 

The project aims to fabricate novel quantum materials that unify topological and magnetic properties, enabling completely new interface functionalities in future spintronics. 

The project combines elements from physics (magnetic and topological properties), chemistry/material technology (fabrication of nanomaterials) and electronics (quantum devices).  This project is interdisciplinary, and the PhD candidate will be part of a larger group using pulsed laser deposition as a tool to engineer new quantum materials. The group is within the Functional Materials and Materials Chemistry Research Group (FACET – http://www.ntnu.edu/ima/research/facet). 

Your immediate leader will be the Head of Department.

Duties of the position

We are seeking a PhD candidate to perform experimental research using pulsed laser deposition of thin films, combining Van der Waals materials (topological insulators) with Perovskite oxides (magnetic oxides) to fabricate emerging interface properties. 

The position will focus on the electronic reconstruction of the interface, developing ways to characterize the topological features of the material. 

• To fabricate heterostructures using pulsed laser deposition
• To fabricate electronic devices with lithography
• To actively take part in the multidisciplinary activity of the research group (project meetings, workshops, etc.).
• To characterize electronic and magnetic functionality
• To actively apply for beamtime at international synchrotron/neutron facilities and take part in such measurement
• To actively take part in the guidance of master students in the group.
• To develop and disseminate research results on the subject through scientific publications.

Required selection criteria

• The candidate must have a completed master’s degree (or equivalent), and your course of study must correspond to a five-year Norwegian course, where 120 credits have been obtained at master's level 
• The candidate must have a strong academic background in the field of solid-state physics, materials science, materials chemistry, electronics engineering, nanotechnology or equivalent, and have an average grade from your Master's degree study, or equivalent education, which is equal to B or better compared to NTNU's grading scale.
• You must meet the requirements for admission to the faculty's Doctoral Programme https://www.ntnu.edu/nv/phd
• The applicants are required to justify their candidateship by explicitly explaining their personal motivation and academic aptitude for pursuing a doctoral degree within this research field.
• We require excellent written and oral communication skills. For candidates who are neither native English speakers nor from Scandinavia the following tests can be used as documentation for English skills: TOEFL, Academic IELTS, and Cambridge CAE or CPE. Minimum scores are:
  • TOEFL: 600 (paper-based test), 92 (internet-based test)
  • IELTS: 6.5 with no section lower than 5.5
  • CAE/CPE: grade B or A
• For optional teaching duties we require Scandinavian language skills

PLEASE NOTE: For detailed information about what the application must contain, see paragraph “About the application”.

The appointment is to be made in accordance with NTNUs guidelines for recruitment positions for general criteria for the position.

Preferred selection criteria

• Experience with physical deposition methods for deposition of thin films or equivalent
• Experience with functional materials
• Experience with electronic transport measurement
• Experience with nanofabrication

Personal characteristics

• The successful candidates can take responsibility for progress and work independently
• The candidate has good communication skills and can collaborate closely with other members of the group
• The candidate is creative and innovative 
• The candidates must be diligent and able to show initiative on behalf of their own work
• Enjoy interdisciplinary research

Emphasis will be placed on personal qualities.

We offer

Evaluate and remove/add what is relevant for the position.

• An exciting job with an important mission in society
• Developing tasks in a strong and international professional environment
• Career guidance and follow-up during the PhD period
• Open and inclusive working environment with committed colleagues
• Working capital that can be used to implement the project
• Mentor programme as a new employee at NTNU
• Favorable terms as a member of the Norwegian Public Service Pension Fund (SPK)
• Free Norwegian language training at a basic level (A2)

As a PhD Candidate at NTNU, you will have access to employee benefits.

Diversity

Diversity is a strength, and at NTNU we aim to be an employer that reflects the diversity in society and that makes use of the potential of the population's collective skills. Our vision is Knowledge for a better world and our values ​​are creative, critical, constructive and respectful. We believe that an organization that is equal, diverse and gender-balanced is essential for us to achieve our goals. 

We strive to attract employees with different skills, life experiences and perspectives to contribute to even better problem solving of our societal mission in research and education. 

If you think this position is relevant and interesting, we encourage you to apply, regardless of gender, functional ability and cultural background, or whether you have been out of work for a period of time.

Salary and conditions

In the position of PhD Candidate, code 1017, your gross salary will normally be NOK 550 800,-per annum depending on qualifications and seniority. A 2% statutory contribution to the State Pension Fund is deducted from the salary. 

The period of employment is 3 years for the doctoral work with the possibility of extending to four years with teaching duties.

For employment as a PhD Candidate, it is a prerequisite that you gain admission to the PhD programme in Materials Science and Engineering (https://www.ntnu.edu/studies/phmt ) within three months of your employment contract start date, and that you participate in an organized doctoral programme through out the period of employment.

As an employee at NTNU, it is important that you keep yourself up to date with academic and organizational changes and adapt to them.

For the necessary professional and social interaction, it is a prerequisite that you are physically present and available to the institution on a daily basis.

The appointment is carried out in accordance with the principles of the State Employees Act, and Export control (legislation that regulates the export of knowledge, technology and services). Candidates who, after assessment of the application and attachments, are considered to bein conflict with the criteria in the latter act, will not be able to be employed.

About the application

The application and supporting documentation to be used as the basis for the assessment must be in English.

Please note: the application will only be assessed on the basis of the information we have received by the application deadline. Therefore, make sure that your application clearly shows how your skills and experience meet the criteria described above. The application and all attachments must be sent electronically via Jobbnorge.no. If you are invited to an interview, you must bring certified copies of certificates and diplomas upon request.

The application must include:

• Transcripts and diplomas for Bachelor's and Master's degrees
• CV and certificates 
• Letter of motivation for a PhD study within this topic
• Academic works - published or unpublished - that you would like to be considered in the assessment.
• Documentation for English skills: TOEFL, Academic IELTS, and Cambridge CAE or CPE. 
• Name and contact information of three referees

If all, or parts, of your education has been taken abroad, we also ask you to attach documentation of the scope and quality of your entire education, both Bachelor's and Master's education, in addition to other higher education. If your institution uses “diploma supplement” (normal for most European institutions), you must attach this. A description of the documentation required can also be found here. If you already have a statement from Norwegian Directorate for Higher Education and Skills (HK-dir), please attach this as well.

Joint work will be considered. If it is difficult to identify your contribution to joint work, you must attach a brief description of your participation.

When assessing the best qualified, we emphasize necessary qualifications such as education, experience and personal suitability. Motivation for the position, ambitions, and potential for research will also count when assessing the candidates.

NTNU recognizes a wide range of academic contributions and has committed itself to The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment and CoARA (responsible assessment of research and recognition of a greater breadth of academic contributions in accordance with NTNU's social mission).

General information

A public list of applicants with name, age, job title and municipality of residence is prepared after the application deadline. If you wish to be exempt from entry on the public applicant list, this must be justified. Assessment will be made in accordance with current legislation. You will be notified if the exemption is not granted.

If you think this position looks interesting and in line with your qualifications, you are welcome to apply.

If you have any questions about the position, please contact Associate Professor Ingrid Hallsteinsen, e-mail: Ingrid.hallsteinsen@ntnu.no. 

If you have any questions about the recruitment process, please contact HR Advisor Marie Kristiansen, e-mail: marie.kristiansen@ntnu.no.

Application deadline: 02.08.2026

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For practical information about working at NTNU, please visit this webpage. 
 

The city of Trondheim is a modern European city with a rich cultural scene. Trondheim is the tech capital of Norway with a population of 200,000. The Norwegian welfare state, including healthcare, schools, kindergartens and overall equality, is probably the best of its kind in the world. Professional subsidized day-care for children is easily available. Furthermore, Trondheim offers great opportunities for education (including international schools) and possibilities to enjoy nature, culture and family life and has low crime rates and clean air quality. 

Om arbeidsgiveren:

NTNU - knowledge for a better world

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) creates knowledge for a better world and solutions that can change everyday life.

 

Department of Materials Science and Engineering  

We are Norway's leading educational and research environment in materials engineering, materials chemistry and materials science.  In collaboration with business and industry, we are a driving force for the development of innovative materials as well as new applications and manufacturing processes.  Activities in our disciplines are vital for the green shift. The Department of Materials Science and Engineering is one of seven departments in the Faculty of Natural Sciences.

This is NTNU

NTNU is a broad-based university with a technical-scientific profile and a focus on professional education. The university is located in three cities with headquarters in Trondheim.

At NTNU, 9,000 employees and 44,000 students work to create knowledge for a better world.

Video: https://youtu.be/Xt-yHCN5QS0

Om stillingen

At the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) we have an available position for an Associate or Full Professor within the field of physical metallurgy. We are looking for an experimentalist specialized in casting and solidification of metals, who demonstrates in-depth knowledge and a strong track record in the use of advanced material characterization techniques within light- and electron-optical microscopy.

Administratively, the position is linked to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (IMA) at the Faculty of Natural Sciences (NV) at NTNU. The department includes the areas of functional materials and materials chemistry, electrochemical technologies and corrosion, physical metallurgy, and process metallurgy, with an emphasis on light metals, ferroalloys, and silicon. The position will be associated with the group of physical metallurgy, which currently consists of three professors and one associate professor. The group has a strong national and international network, and is currently involved in several large research centers (SFI-PhysMet, SFI-FAST and FME-Solar).

Within this group, we wish to strengthen our research activities related to the areas of casting and solidification, metallography and electron-optical instruments, atom probe tomography, microstructure and texture characterization, characterization of mechanical properties, multi-scale modeling, joining, and forming of metals, with a merited and motivated candidate. Research and teaching in physical metallurgy are mainly related to light metals, steel, and silicon, with a historical emphasis on light metals. We provide education at all levels, from undergraduate studies in materials engineering to supervision of MSc students and PhD candidates, and related advanced courses.

 

Your immediate leader is the head of department. 

Duties of the position

• You will participate in the department’s R&D activities and take initiative in developing the research area of casting and solidification.
• You will contribute to generating external research funding.
• You will contribute to the development of the study programs at the department.
• You will contribute to the department’s teaching activities at all levels.
• You will be responsible for participating with the rest of the scientific staff in administrative tasks, including laboratory management, especially related to research and teaching. 

Required qualifications 

For both Associated and Full Professor:

You must have the following qualifications required for the position: 

• Doctoral degree in metallurgy or another relevant scientific field or competence at an equivalent level documented by scientific work of the same scope and quality.
• Strong track record in experimental casting and solidification of metals
• Demonstrate knowledge and in-depth use of characterization techniques like classic metallography, SEM, EDS, and EBSD.
• Educational competence documented in a teaching portfolio
• Good communication skills and fluent in English, both oral and written

 

Additional requirements for full professor must be documented:

• Significant contributions to research at the highest level, in accordance with international or national standards in the field
• Quality development in own teaching and supervision over time and a high degree of reflection on own practice documented in a teaching portfolio
• Broad experience with supervision, preferably at master's/PhD level
• Initiate, lead and/or participate in the development of educational quality in the academic communities
• Competence in knowledge in use (innovation, dissemination and interaction with society) and/or
• Academic leadership and elected posts/appointed roles.
• An established scientific network within relevant scientific communities demonstrated by commissions of trust, leadership and society participation.

 

-----------------

For both of the categories: 

You must document relevant basic competence in teaching and supervision at a university/higher education-level, as referenced in the NTNUs guidelines for academic positions. If this cannot be documented, you will be required to complete an approved course in university pedagogy within two years of commencement. NTNU offers qualifying courses.

New employees who do not speak a Scandinavian language by appointment is required, within three years, to demonstrate skills in Norwegian or another Scandinavian language equivalent to level B2 of the course for Norwegian for speakers of other languages at the Department of Language and Literature at NTNU. 

Preferred qualifications

• Experience from industry or industrial research collaboration
• Knowledge and network in the Norwegian metal industry
• Scandinavian speaking
• Demonstrate experience with Integrated Computational Materials Engineering approach that integrates computational modeling, experimental characterization, and data analysis

Personal qualities

• Motivated and passionate about physical metallurgy
• You are an outgoing person with a network in relevant professional environments and industry
• Able to build long-term collaborations and foster relationships with colleagues both at the department level and within the international scientific community
• You are an initiative-taking person and want to revitalize the field
• You thrive with periods of high work pace and are able to meet tight deadlines for proposals and funding applications amongst regular teaching and departmental duties.
• You have a passion for educating materials scientists for the future

 

Emphasis will be placed on personal and interpersonal qualities. 

We offer 

• Exciting and challenging tasks in a dynamic and international academic environment
• An open and inclusive working environment, with enthusiastic colleagues
• Favourable terms in the Norwegian Public Service Pension Fund
• employee benefits

Application Process

You can find more information about working at NTNU and the application process here.

Video: https://youtu.be/bwfNPj8HxHw

Salary and conditions

As Associate Professor / Professor (code 1011 /1013) you are normally paid from gross xxx – xxx per annum before tax, depending on qualifications and seniority. As required by law, 2% of this salary will be deducted and paid into the Norwegian Public Service Pension Fund.

The engagement is to be made in accordance with the regulations in force concerning State Employees and Civil Servants, and the acts relating to Control of the Export of Strategic Goods, Services and Technology. Candidates who by assessment of the application and attachment are seen to conflict with the criteria in the latter law will be prohibited from recruitment to NTNU.   

After the appointment you must assume that there may be changes in the area of work. 

For the necessary professional and social interaction, it is a prerequisite that you are physically present and available to the institution on a daily basis. 

About the application

Your application and supporting documentation must be in English. 

The attachments (including a description of your scientific work) must accompany the application as these documents form the basis of the application assessment. The documents must be in Norwegian/a Scandinavian language or English. 

Please note: the application will only be assessed on the basis of the information we have received by the application deadline. Therefore, make sure that your application clearly shows how your skills and experience meet the criteria described above. The application and all attachments must be sent electronically via Jobbnorge.no. If you are invited to an interview, you must bring certified copies of certificates and diplomas upon request.

If, for any reason, you have taken a career break or have had an atypical career and wish to disclose this in your application, the selection committee will take this into account, recognizing that the quantity of your research may be reduced as a result.

Your application must include

• CV, diplomas, and certificates
• A teaching portfolio, in which your teaching competence is compiled and presented systematically,   (See guidelines for applicants: Documentation of educational competence
• Academic works – published or unpublished – that you wish to be considered during assessment of your application (up to 10 items)
• A description of the scientific works you consider most relevant, which you particularly wish to be factored into the assessment
• A complete publication list
• A research plan
• Details of projects for which you have served as project manager, including information on financing, duration, and scope
• Names and contact information for three relevant referees

It is important that you both document and reflect on your competence. You are encouraged to use the NTNUs competence matrix as a guide for  documentation of your competence.

Joint work will also be considered. If it is difficult to identify your specific input to a joint project, you must include evidence of your contributions. 

In the evaluation of which candidate is best qualified, emphasis will be placed on education, experience and personal and interpersonal qualities. Motivation, ambitions, and potential will also count in the assessment of the candidates. Our assessment of the pedagogical skills will be based on documented pedagogical material, forms of presentation in your academic works, teaching experience, PhD, and Masters supervision, and any other relevant pedagogical background. Both quality and scope will be taken into consideration, and an open scientific practice will be recognized.

NTNU is obliged by the evaluation criteria for research quality in accordance with The San Fransisco Declaration on Research Assessment – DORA and The obligations in the Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment ( CoARA) on responsible assessment of research and recognition of a wider range of academic contributions to science and society. This means that we will pay particular attention to the quality and academic range demonstrated by your scientific work to date. We will also pay attention to research leadership and participation in research projects. Your scientific work from the last five years will be given the most weight.

Your application will be considered by an expert committee. Candidates of interest will be invited to an interview, and to deliver a trial teaching session.

General information

Diversity is a strength, and at NTNU we aim to be an employer that reflects the diversity in society and that makes use of the potential of the population's collective skills. Our vision is Knowledge for a better world and our values ​​are creative, critical, constructive and respectful. We believe that an organization that is equal, diverse, and gender-balanced is essential for us to achieve our goals.   

We strive to attract employees with different skills, life experiences and perspectives to contribute to even better problem solving of our societal mission in research and education.  

If you think this position is relevant and interesting, we encourage you to apply, regardless of gender, functional ability, and cultural background, or whether you have been out of work for a period of time. 

At NTNU we want to increase the proportion of women in scientific positions. We have a number of measures to promote equality. 

As an employee at NTNU, you must continually maintain and improve your professional development and be flexible regarding any organizational changes.

A public list of applicants with name, age, job title and municipality of residence is prepared after the application deadline. If you want to reserve yourself from entry on the public applicant list, this must be justified. Assessment will be made in accordance with current legislation. You will be notified if the reservation is not accepted.

For the sake of transparency, candidates will be given expert evaluations of their own and other candidates. As an applicant you are considered part of the process and are stipulated by rules of confidentiality. 

If you have any questions regarding the position, please contact Ida Westermann, e-mail ida.westermann@ntnu.no. 

If you have questions regarding the recruitment process, please contact Joakim Junge Henriksen, e-mail Joakim.henriksen@ntnu.no

Application deadline: 17.08.2026

-----------------

 

The city of Trondheim is a modern European city with a rich cultural scene. Trondheim is the innovation capital of Norway with a population of 200,000. The Norwegian welfare state, including healthcare, schools, kindergartens and overall equality, is probably the best of its kind in the world. Professional subsidized day-care for children is easily available. Furthermore, Trondheim offers great opportunities for education (including international schools) and possibilities to enjoy nature, culture and family life and has low crime rates and clean air quality.

 

Om arbeidsgiveren:

NTNU - knowledge for a better world

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) creates knowledge for a better world and solutions that can change everyday life.

The Faculty of Natural Sciences

The Faculty of Natural Sciences is a key player in national and international research and education programmes in natural sciences and technology. Our research focuses on global challenges in the areas of energy, climate, the environment, food, water, health and welfare. The Faculty consists of eight departments as well as the Faculty Administration.

Zakres obowiązków: - Przygotowywanie potraw zgodnie z recepturami i obowiązującymi standardami - Dbanie o wysoką jakość, estetykę i smak serwowanych dań - Kontrola świeżości oraz właściwego przechowywania produktów Sposób aplikowania: - kontakt przez OHP - wymagane dokumenty: CV Przeznaczone wyłącznie dla osób zarejestrowanych w urzędzie pracy: NIE

Zakres obowiązków: Praca w grupach 1-3 osób. Wymagania: - wykształcenie: wyższe (w tym licencjat), typ: pedagogiczne - konieczne - pozostałe: Kierunek: logopedia. Sposób aplikowania: - bezpośrednio do pracodawcy - wymagane dokumenty: CV - języki aplikowania: polski Przeznaczone wyłącznie dla osób zarejestrowanych w urzędzie pracy: NIE

Zakres obowiązków: Praca w grupach 1-5 osób. Wymagania: - wykształcenie: wyższe (w tym licencjat), typ: pedagogiczne - konieczne - pozostałe: Kierunek: psychologia Sposób aplikowania: - bezpośrednio do pracodawcy - wymagane dokumenty: CV - języki aplikowania: polski Przeznaczone wyłącznie dla osób zarejestrowanych w urzędzie pracy: NIE

Zakres obowiązków: Praca z w grupie 1-5 osób Wymagania: - wykształcenie: wyższe (w tym licencjat), typ: pedagogiczne - konieczne - pozostałe: Kierunek: psychologia Sposób aplikowania: - bezpośrednio do pracodawcy - wymagane dokumenty: CV - języki aplikowania: polski Przeznaczone wyłącznie dla osób zarejestrowanych w urzędzie pracy: NIE

Zakres obowiązków: Praca z w grupie 1-3 osoby Wymagania: - wykształcenie: wyższe (w tym licencjat), typ: pedagogiczne - konieczne - pozostałe: Kierunek: pedagog szkolny Sposób aplikowania: - bezpośrednio do pracodawcy - wymagane dokumenty: CV - języki aplikowania: polski Przeznaczone wyłącznie dla osób zarejestrowanych w urzędzie pracy: NIE

Zakres obowiązków: Przygotowywanie potraw z menu lokalu, dbanie o jakość i świeżość składników, utrzymanie czystości na stanowisku pracy, współpraca z zespołem, przestrzeganie zasad HACCP (BHP). Sposób aplikowania: - kontakt przez OHP - wymagane dokumenty: CV Przeznaczone wyłącznie dla osób zarejestrowanych w urzędzie pracy: NIE

Job Title: Chef for Authentic Japanese Cuisine (Ramen Specialization)

Job Type: Full-time (37 hours/week)

About Us: We are a newly established authentic Japanese restaurant

deeply committed to bringing traditional culinary experiences to our

guests. We bear a strong "responsibility" to preserve the authenticity

of our craft, especially our high-quality ramen, utilizing traditional

methods and carefully selected ingredients. As a new and growing

establishment, we take our "obligations" to our guests very seriously,

and we expect every team member to share this profound sense of duty.

We are currently seeking a highly accountable and professional Chef to

join our culinary team.

Role Description & Responsibilities: As a Chef, you will assume "full

ownership" of the daily preparation and precise execution of our ramen

menu. This is a role that carries significant weight; the preparation

tasks before opening hours, including the careful monitoring and

management of our specialized broth, require strict adherence to

traditional protocols and an uncompromising sense of responsibility.

You will be held responsible for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene

to meet our quality standards. This is not just a routine task; you

will bear personal responsibility for enforcing food safety

regulations and our internal sanitation procedures, as well as

preserving the guarantee of taste and the restaurant's credibility.

Candidate Profile & Expectations: We are seeking an individual who

inherently understands the "weight of responsibility." You must be

highly ambitious, intrinsically motivated, and prepared to take

absolute responsibility for your duties in the kitchen. We expect you

to approach your work with a high level of commitment and

responsibility, as if it were your own business.

Furthermore, an uncompromising passion for and a deep personal

dedication to the authentic taste of Japanese ramen is an "absolute

necessity." You must possess a profound respect for traditional flavor

profiles and be fully committed to preserving our taste.

As a professional in our kitchen, you are expected to act as a "role

model" for all surrounding staff members, leading by example through

your continuous attentiveness in cooking, customer service, and

cleaning, driven by your passion for authentic ramen. The hospitality

industry is demanding, and it requires the emotional maturity and

professional responsibility to maintain seamless, positive

communication with colleagues even during the most stressful peak

service hours.

Requirements:

1 to 2 years of professional kitchen experience (preferably with a

strong background in Japanese cuisine and ramen preparation).

Familiarity with the authentic taste of Japan and a strong demand for

a specific, demonstrable "love" for authentic cuisine.

A solid understanding of efficient kitchen operations, food safety

standards, and effective time management, demonstrating a track record

of reliable and responsible behavior.

Working Hours and Conditions: The position is a full-time role based

on 37 hours per week. However, prospective candidates must understand

the "responsibilities" tied to our operational needs. We do not

operate with fixed daily working hours.

Schedule Flexibility: Shifts will fluctuate from week to week. You are

expected to manage these variations "responsibly."

Peak Hour Operations: It is your "mandatory duty" to be available to

work on most weekends and all public holidays. Our highest customer

volume occurs during vacation periods and outside of standard business

hours. Therefore, fulfilling your responsibility to our guests also

means that shifts will predominantly include "evening work."

Operational Adjustments: Due to the unpredictable nature of the

hospitality industry and our status as a newly opened business, we

rely heavily on our team's "sense of duty." When unforeseen

operational demands arise, staff may be required to responsibly

accommodate short-notice schedule adjustments or step in to cover

shifts.

Salary: Løn efter kvalifikationer (Salary according to qualifications).

How to Apply: If you meet the professional requirements and are

prepared to take on the "heavy responsibilities" outlined above,

please submit your CV along with a brief cover letter detailing your

relevant experience to kukairamen.dk@gmail.com.

Zakres obowiązków: Utrzymanie stałych relacji handlowych z klientami krajowymi i zagranicznymi Wymagania: - wykształcenie: wyższe (w tym licencjat) - konieczne - pozostałe: Komunikatywność, umiejetności negocjacyjne. Sposób aplikowania: - bezpośrednio do pracodawcy - wymagane dokumenty: cv - języki aplikowania: polski Przeznaczone wyłącznie dla osób zarejestrowanych w urzędzie pracy: NIE